(Exodus 9:3-6) the hand of the Lord will bring a terrible plague on your livestock in the field-on your horses, donkeys and camels and on your cattle, sheep and goats. The fifth plague (the death of livestock) (IP) “Indeed men are few, and he who places his brother in the ground is everywhere… Indeed are violent, pestilence is throughout the land, blood is everywhere, death is not lacking, and the mummy-cloth speaks even before one comes near it.” 11:5) “Every firstborn son in Egypt will die, from the firstborn son of Pharaoh, who sits on the throne, to the firstborn son of the female slave, who is at her hand mill, and all the firstborn of the cattle as well.” The land is left over to its weariness like the cutting of flax” (IP 5:12) “Forsooth, that has perished which was yesterday seen. (IP 6:3) “Forsooth, grain has perished on every side, no fruit or herbs were found” (IP) “Neither fruit nor herbage can be found… everywhere barely has perished.” Nothing green remained on tree or plant in all the land of Egypt.” They devoured all that was left after the hail-everything growing in the fields and the fruit on the trees. 10:15) “They covered all the ground until it was black. (IP 3:10–13) “That is our water! That is our happiness! What shall we do in respect thereof? All is ruin” (IP 2:5–6) “Plague is throughout the land.
Men from human beings and thirst for water. (IP 2:10) Indeed the river is blood, yet men drink of it. (Exodus 7:17) “This is what the Lord says: By this you will know that I am the Lord: With the staff that is in my hand I will strike the water of the Nile, and it will be changed into blood.” Many references throughout the papyrus are strikingly similar to the biblical account of the 10 plagues. It describes an affliction of Egypt by natural disasters and the chaos that followed. The Ipuwer Papyrus is a written account of events in Kemet (ancient Egypt) by the scribe Ipuwer. The Biblical Plagues are the ten catastrophes imposed on ancient Egypt to let the Israelite slaves go, as recorded in the Torah, Exodus: Chapters 7–12. But the differences indicate that either major omissions and modifications were made, or they are referring to two separate events. One could relate the papyrus as a reaction of an Egyptian to the biblical plagues when looking at the similarities. The Ipuwer Papyrus is often cited as evidenced of the Torah account by biblical scholars. Proof of the biblical plagues? or another biblical inspiration resource? Egypt was very stable and at the heights of their dynasty when the papyri were written. Based on what was going on at the time in Egypt through other texts and artifacts. 2130–1938 BCE).Īnother popular claim is that is a fictional literary piece or king appointed propaganda. It is especially valuable for its commentary on woeful contemporary political and economic situations, perhaps those prevalent in Egypt during the First Intermediate Period (c. Says itself that it is a copy of earlier work. Ipuwer himself called it “The Admonitions of an Egyptian Sage”. He believed that the text contained historical descriptions of current and past events. The renowned British Egyptologist Sir Alan Gardiner (1879-1963) translated the Ipuwer Papyrus into English in 1909. He tells a lengthy story of absolute calamity befalling Egypt. It has been dated to the Nineteenth Dynasty, around 1250 BCE but It is known to be a copy of a much older text, most estimates dating back to the Middle Kingdom 1850 BCE and 1600 BCE. As it is often called a poem due to its consistent writing style. The Ipuwer Papyrus is an ancient Egyptian written in Egyptian hieratic text by the scribe Ipuwer.
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